NBFC CFO · INTERNAL AUDIT · RECONCILIATION

A CFO and internal audit partner that helps NBFCs grow with control.

Virtual CFO and internal audit for NBFCs of every type, including gold loan, microfinance, vehicle, MSME, housing and investment companies and co-lending partners. Budgets, variance reviews, board MIS, RBI compliance reviews and the reconciliations underneath them, from Chartered Accountants in Kochi since 1997.

Led by Regi Tom Antony, FCA, MBA (Australia), ACMA (UK), CGMA (USA), CISA (USA), former Group CFO/COO (OSRAM/Siemens, Westcon Group; Middle East & Africa), with NBFC-experienced staff and an in-house analytics team.

NBFC CONTROL DESKMonthly cycle
CFO
Budgets, variance reviews, lender and board packs, and statutory audit support
INTERNAL AUDIT
Risk-based branch, process, compliance and IT reviews, reported to the audit committee
RECONCILIATION
Loan system ↔ GL ↔ bank, control accounts such as foreclosure, and co-lending shares
BOARD AND RBI
Returns calendar, asset classification, ALM, portfolio MIS and Power BI dashboards
IN SHORT

Regi Tom Antony & Associates (RTA), Chartered Accountants in Kochi since 1997, acts as virtual CFO and internal auditor to non-banking financial companies (NBFCs). The CFO role covers business plans, budgets, variance analysis, cost of funds, board and lender reporting, and statutory audit support, including engaging with the statutory auditors. Internal audit covers risk-based branch, process, RBI compliance and IT reviews. Both rest on monthly reconciliations of the loan book (principal, interest and charges), control accounts such as foreclosure and collection suspense, and co-lending partner shares. The team includes staff with NBFC operations experience and works with gold loan, microfinance, vehicle, MSME, housing and investment NBFCs and their co-lending partners.

By Regi Tom Antony, FCA, CISA · Updated 3 November 2026

For
NBFCs in Base and Middle layers, co-lending partners, promoters and boards
Where
Kerala on-site; rest of India remotely
Office
Kakkanad, Kochi 682030
Independence
CFO, internal audit and statutory audit support, not the statutory audit itself; independence screened under section 144
01 · VIRTUAL CFO FOR NBFCS

A CFO role built for growth, not just compliance

NBFC promoters need someone who can turn the loan book into a plan: how fast to grow, at what cost of funds, with how much capital and risk. Our CFO role sits with the promoter and the board, not only with the accounts team.

PLAN

Business plan and budgets

Annual budget and three-year plan by product and branch: disbursement targets, yields, cost of funds, credit cost, opex and capital needs.

VARIANCE

Variance analysis every month

Budget versus actual on disbursements, collections, yield, spread, credit cost and opex, with the reasons and the actions agreed.

PROFIT

Product and branch profitability

Contribution by product, branch and channel after cost of funds, credit cost and allocated overheads, so growth goes where it pays.

FUNDING

Funding and lender relationships

Borrowing plans, cost of funds, covenant tracking, lender MIS and support for bank lines, co-lending and assignment partners.

BOARD

Board and audit committee reporting

Monthly MIS, quarterly board packs, KPI scorecards and a clear view of risk, compliance and capital.

AUDIT

Statutory audit support

Audit-ready books, schedules and reconciliations, PBC lists delivered on time, Ind AS and provisioning workings, and a single point of contact who engages with your statutory auditors, answers their queries and closes management letter points.

SCALE

Readiness for the next layer

Policies, governance and reporting that let the NBFC grow into larger RBI layers, raise equity or attract a co-lending bank.

02 · INTERNAL AUDIT

Internal audit for NBFCs: reviews that protect the loan book

We act as outsourced or co-sourced internal auditor, reporting to the audit committee. Each review ends with ranked findings, agreed owners and a follow-up date, not a long list nobody reads.

RISK

Risk-based internal audit plan

An annual plan that ranks branches, products and processes by risk, so the audit effort goes where losses and RBI findings are most likely.

BRANCH

Branch and process audits

Sourcing, appraisal, sanction, documentation, disbursement, collection and closure, tested against policy and delegation limits.

COMPLY

RBI compliance reviews

Checks against applicable RBI directions, including KYC, fair practices code, asset classification and provisioning, and the returns calendar.

GOLD

Gold loan and vault audits

Packet verification, weight and purity records, LTV compliance, auction process and return-of-collateral timelines.

IT

Loan system and access reviews

User access, maker-checker, back-dated entries and interface controls between the loan system and the ledger, from a CISA perspective.

FOLLOW

Follow-up and closure

Open findings tracked to closure and reported back to the audit committee every quarter.

We provide CFO, internal audit and statutory audit support. We do not act as statutory auditor for NBFCs we serve; instead we prepare the NBFC for its audit and work with its statutory auditors so it closes smoothly.

03 · THE FOUNDATION

Why NBFC books drift from the loan system

Every NBFC runs two ledgers: the loan management system, which knows each borrower, and the general ledger, which the auditor and RBI see. Small timing and mapping gaps between them compound every month until the balance sheet and the loan book no longer agree.

BREAK 1

Loan system and GL do not tie

Principal outstanding, interest accrued and charges differ between the loan system and the books, often because of back-dated entries, reversals or product mapping errors.

BREAK 2

Control accounts never clear

Foreclosure, pre-closure, disbursement payable and collection suspense accounts accumulate old, unexplained balances that nobody owns.

BREAK 3

Partner balances disagree

In co-lending and assignment deals, each lender’s share of principal, interest and fees drifts from the partner’s own statement and the escrow account.

04 · RECONCILIATION

Reconciliation and compliance support

Budgets, variance reviews and audit findings are only as good as the books underneath. This is the work that makes them reliable.

RECON

Loan book reconciliation

Principal, interest, penal charges, processing fees and other charges reconciled loan-wise and branch-wise between the loan system, the general ledger and bank statements, with a clear list of breaks and their owners.

CONTROL

Control account reconciliation

Foreclosure and pre-closure control accounts, disbursement payable, collection suspense, unidentified receipts, insurance payable and GST on charges, cleared and kept clear every month.

CO-LEND

Co-lending reconciliation

Partner-wise shares of principal and interest, escrow movements, servicing fee and loss guarantee positions, reconciled to each partner’s statements.

RBI

RBI compliance calendar and returns support

A single calendar of RBI returns, board approvals and policy reviews, with data checks before figures go into returns.

ASSET

Asset classification and provisioning

Overdue ageing, SMA and NPA classification, provisioning and, where Ind AS applies, review of expected credit loss inputs.

ALM

ALM and liquidity

Maturity buckets, liquidity gaps and funding plans that the treasury and the board can read.

05 · WHO WE WORK WITH

Support for every type of NBFC

The reconciliation logic changes with the product. These are the patterns we see most often.

GOLD

Gold loan NBFCs

Packet and weight reconciliation between vault, loan system and books, auction and surplus accounting, and readiness for RBI’s 2025 directions on lending against gold and silver collateral.

MFI

Microfinance (NBFC-MFI)

Field collection and branch cash reconciliation, centre-wise demand versus collection, and portfolio-at-risk reporting.

VEHICLE

Vehicle and equipment finance

Repossession and sale accounting, dealer payables and subvention, and overdue bucket tracking.

MSME

MSME and business loans

Sanction-to-disbursement controls, collateral tracking and early-warning MIS.

HOUSING

Housing finance

Tranche disbursement, construction-linked releases and interest computation checks.

INVEST

Investment and holding companies

Investment registers, fair value and income reconciliation, and RBI applicability reviews.

06 · CO-LENDING

Co-lending reconciliation under RBI’s 2025 directions

The Reserve Bank of India (Co-Lending Arrangements) Directions, 2025 apply from 1 January 2026. Each partner must retain at least 10% of every loan, the originating lender’s default loss guarantee is capped at 5% of outstanding loans, and changes in a loan’s SMA or NPA status must be shared between partners by the next working day.

Those rules only work if both partners’ books agree. We reconcile each lender’s share of principal, interest and charges, escrow flows, servicing fees and guarantee positions, and flag classification mismatches before they reach credit bureaus or returns.

Partner-wise principal and interest share
Escrow account and collection waterfall
Servicing fee and loss guarantee tracking
SMA / NPA status alignment between partners
Partner statement and portfolio tape matching
07 · ANALYTICS

NBFC portfolio analytics and dashboards

Our analytics team turns loan system data into the views a promoter, CEO and board need, refreshed every month or every day.

PORTFOLIO

Portfolio quality

Overdue buckets, roll rates, portfolio at risk and vintage curves by product, branch and officer.

COLLECT

Collection efficiency

Demand versus collection, bounce and recovery trends, and field team performance.

FUNDING

Funding and liquidity

Cost of funds, lender-wise exposure, maturity profile and liquidity gaps.

BOARD

Power BI board dashboards

One version of the numbers for management, board and lenders, built on reconciled data. More on our financial analytics and MIS reporting.

08 · THE RULES

The RBI framework NBFC finance teams work to in 2026

FRAMEWORKWHAT IT DOESFINANCE TEAM IMPACT
Scale-based regulationPlaces NBFCs in Base, Middle, Upper and Top layers by size and activityLayer decides governance, capital, concentration and disclosure requirements
Consolidated Master Directions (29 Nov 2025)RBI replaced thousands of circulars with function-wise directions for each regulated entity typePolicies, compliance calendars and checklists need re-mapping to the new references
Co-Lending Arrangements Directions, 2025Framework for loans jointly funded by banks and NBFCs, from 1 January 2026Partner shares, guarantees and classification must reconcile between lenders
Lending Against Gold and Silver Collateral Directions, 2025LTV caps of 85%, 80% and 75% by loan size, 12-month bullet loans, valuation, return and auction rules; compliance by 1 April 2026Vault, packet, valuation and auction records must tie to the loan system and the books
Companies Act, 2013, section 144Lists services a company’s statutory auditor cannot provideWe confirm independence before accepting any accounting or CFO engagement
09 · HOW IT STARTS

How an NBFC engagement starts

  1. WEEKS 1–2

    Independence check and scoping

    We confirm independence, agree the CFO and internal audit scope with the promoter and audit committee, and map products, branches, systems, partners and control accounts.

  2. WEEKS 3–6

    Baseline review and reconciliation

    Loan system, general ledger and bank tied for a cut-off date, with every break listed by age, amount and owner.

  3. WEEKS 7–12

    Clean-up and controls

    Old control account balances cleared or escalated, mapping errors fixed, and a monthly reconciliation routine agreed.

  4. MONTHLY

    Close, budgets, variance and audit cycle

    Monthly reconciliations, variance review and board MIS, quarterly internal audit reports and the RBI calendar, on a fixed timetable.

10 · WHO DOES THE WORK

A CA firm with NBFC operations experience

Engagements are led by Regi Tom Antony, FCA, MBA (Australia), ACMA (UK), CGMA (USA), CISA (USA), a former Group CFO/COO with OSRAM/Siemens and Westcon Group. His CISA background matters in NBFCs, where most reconciliation breaks start in systems and data mapping.

The working team includes staff who have run reconciliations and operations inside NBFCs, supported by RTA’s analytics team for data extraction, automation and Power BI reporting.

Chartered Accountants, Kochi, since 1997
NBFC-experienced reconciliation staff
In-house data and Power BI team
IS audit (CISA) perspective on loan systems
11 · QUESTIONS

NBFC CFO and internal audit: frequently asked questions

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What does a virtual CFO do for an NBFC?

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A virtual CFO for an NBFC prepares the business plan and annual budget by product and branch, reviews budget versus actual every month on disbursements, collections, yield, cost of funds and credit cost, tracks product and branch profitability, manages funding and lender reporting, and prepares board and audit committee packs. RTA provides this role to NBFCs from Kochi.
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What does internal audit cover in an NBFC?

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Internal audit in an NBFC follows a risk-based plan covering branch and process audits from sourcing to closure, RBI compliance reviews such as KYC, fair practices code and asset classification, gold loan and vault audits where relevant, loan system access and interface reviews, and follow-up of open findings, reported to the audit committee.
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Do you help NBFCs get through the statutory audit?

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Yes. We do not act as statutory auditor for NBFCs we serve, but we prepare the NBFC for its statutory audit: closed and reconciled books, audit schedules and PBC lists, Ind AS, expected credit loss and provisioning workings, and RBI-specific information the auditor needs. We engage directly with the statutory auditors, answer their queries and help close management letter points, so the audit finishes on time. This keeps us independent under section 144 of the Companies Act, 2013 and RBI guidelines on statutory auditors.
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What is loan book reconciliation in an NBFC?

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Loan book reconciliation matches principal outstanding, interest accrued and charges in the loan management system with the general ledger and bank statements, loan by loan and branch by branch, and lists every difference with its cause and owner.
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How does budgeting and variance analysis help an NBFC grow?

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A product and branch budget sets disbursement, yield, cost of funds, credit cost and opex targets. Monthly variance analysis shows early where spreads are narrowing, collections are slipping or costs are running ahead, so the promoter can redirect growth to the products and branches that earn their cost of capital.
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What is a foreclosure control account and why does it need reconciliation?

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A foreclosure or pre-closure control account holds amounts received from borrowers who close loans early until the loan is closed in the loan system. Balances that are not cleared point to loans still open in the system, refunds not processed or receipts posted to the wrong account, so the account should be reconciled and cleared every month.
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How does co-lending reconciliation work under the RBI Co-Lending Directions, 2025?

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Under the Reserve Bank of India (Co-Lending Arrangements) Directions, 2025, which apply from 1 January 2026, each partner retains at least 10% of each loan and the default loss guarantee is capped at 5%. Reconciliation confirms each lender’s share of principal, interest and charges, escrow flows, servicing fees and guarantee positions, and that SMA and NPA status is the same in both partners’ books.
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What changed for gold loan NBFCs in 2026?

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RBI’s Lending Against Gold and Silver Collateral Directions, 2025 had to be implemented by 1 April 2026. They set loan-to-value caps of 85% up to ₹2.5 lakh, 80% up to ₹5 lakh and 75% above, limit bullet loans to 12 months, prescribe the valuation basis, and require collateral to be returned within seven working days of repayment, with compensation of ₹5,000 a day for delays attributable to the lender.
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Which types of NBFCs do you work with?

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Gold loan, microfinance, vehicle and equipment finance, MSME and business lending, housing finance, and investment and holding companies, as well as banks and NBFCs in co-lending partnerships.
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Can you work with an NBFC outside Kerala?

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Yes. NBFCs in Kerala get on-site support from our Kochi office. NBFCs elsewhere in India are supported remotely through secure access to loan system and ledger data, with visits where needed.
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What NBFC analytics and dashboards can you build?

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Portfolio quality by overdue bucket, roll rates and portfolio at risk, collection efficiency, branch and product profitability, cost of funds and lender exposure, and ALM and liquidity views, delivered as Power BI dashboards built on reconciled data.
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How long does it take to clean up NBFC reconciliations?

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A baseline reconciliation for a cut-off date usually takes three to six weeks, depending on loan volumes, branches and systems. Clearing old control account balances and fixing mapping errors usually takes a further four to six weeks, after which the work runs monthly.

Start with a diagnostic.

Tell us your products, loan system and the reviews your audit committee wants. We will scope the CFO and internal audit role and show you what the first quarter would look like. Each month Regi also writes The CFO Desk, a LinkedIn newsletter for owners running businesses in the Gulf, overseas and India.

REQUEST A DIAGNOSTIC CONVERSATION →READ THE CFO DESK15-minute scoping call · or write to letstalk@rtaandassociates.com
General information only. Not advice for your situation.

Regi Tom Antony & Associates is a firm of Chartered Accountants in Kochi, Kerala, practising since 1997. We act as virtual and fractional CFO to growing businesses in India, the GCC and overseas, and advise on NRI taxation and FEMA, SME IPOs, India entry for foreign companies, tax structuring, and family office and succession planning, alongside audit, tax and compliance.